{"id":2264,"date":"2024-05-29T03:57:48","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T03:57:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emultrasound.sdsc.edu\/?p=2264"},"modified":"2024-05-29T04:07:12","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T04:07:12","slug":"parotid-mass-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/index.php\/2024\/05\/29\/parotid-mass-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Case 34: Rare Cause of Knee Pain"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12  mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A 58-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of focal lateral knee pain and swelling. She had a remote history of anterior cruciate ligament repair, as well as medial collateral ligament injury and meniscal injuries. The patient stated that she had a history of recurrent intermittent effusions. However, that day she noted focal swelling. She reported playing tennis a few days before and noted a pain in her knee with pivoting. No knee instability. No fever.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Vitals: BP 118\/60 | Pulse 52 | Temp <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: #ffffff; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">97.8 &deg;F (36.6 &deg;C) | Resp 12<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">On physical examination of the knee, there was a 2 cm x 3 cm firm, immobile round mass at the inferior lateral aspect of the left knee with associated pain, mild warmth, and swelling. Decreased flexion of the joint was observed, with some pain beyond 100 degrees of flexion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A bedside ultrasound was performed. What do you see?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right  motopress-empty mp-hidden-phone\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-image-obj motopress-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Meniscal-Cyst-Case.-Cyst.gif?fit=525%2C306&ssl=1\" title=\"Meniscal Cyst Case. Cyst.\" alt=\"Figure 1: Ultrasound of the lateral aspect of the knee joint\" class=\"motopress-image-obj-basic mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right mpce-dsbl-margin-top mpce-dsbl-margin-bottom\" \/><p class=\"motopress-image-caption\">Figure 1: Ultrasound of the lateral aspect of the knee joint<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-image-obj motopress-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Knee-Effusion-1.gif?fit=525%2C306&ssl=1\" title=\"Knee Effusion\" alt=\"Figure 2: Knee Effusion\" class=\"motopress-image-obj-basic mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right mpce-dsbl-margin-top mpce-dsbl-margin-bottom\" \/><p class=\"motopress-image-caption\">Figure 2: Knee Effusion<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-image-obj motopress-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Joint-effusion-and-meniscal-cysts.png?fit=1239%2C685&ssl=1\" title=\"Joint effusion and meniscal cysts\" alt=\"Figure 3: Joint effusion and meniscal cysts\" class=\"motopress-image-obj-basic mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right mpce-dsbl-margin-top mpce-dsbl-margin-bottom\" \/><p class=\"motopress-image-caption\">Figure 3: Joint effusion and meniscal cysts<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-image-obj motopress-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Joint-effusion-1.jpg?fit=877%2C657&ssl=1\" title=\"Joint effusion\" alt=\"Figure 4: Joint effusion\" class=\"motopress-image-obj-basic mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right mpce-dsbl-margin-top mpce-dsbl-margin-bottom\" \/><p class=\"motopress-image-caption\">Figure 4: Joint effusion<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-image-obj motopress-text-align-left\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/MRI-of-anterior-cyst-forming-on-the-meniscus.jpg?fit=945%2C709&ssl=1\" title=\"MRI of anterior cyst forming on the meniscus\" alt=\"Figure 5: MRI of anterior cyst forming on the meniscus\" class=\"motopress-image-obj-basic mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right mpce-dsbl-margin-top mpce-dsbl-margin-bottom\" \/><p class=\"motopress-image-caption\">Figure 5: MRI of anterior cyst forming on the meniscus<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<h2>Discussion<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-2b9a07a0-7fff-7a5b-9f37-1e7e210c78b7\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">In these images, we see classic findings of a parameniscal cyst. There is a joint effusion seen superior with Hoffa&rsquo;s fat pad evident. In the lateral knee, we see extrusion of the meniscus on ultrasound, along with several small fluid collections within the meniscus (meniscal cysts). Beyond the margin of the meniscus, we see the larger parameniscal cyst situated more superficially and featuring a thick wall. Corresponding MRI images from a few months prior also show the anterior cyst forming on the meniscus. Meniscal cysts are found in 1% of MRIs obtained for knee pain [1]. They are a rare pathology most often associated with a synovial leak of fluid through degeneration of the meniscus, secondary to tears of the meniscus. Physical exam findings associated with meniscal cysts include localized pain, with a firm fluid collection at the joint line, anterior or posterior, often accompanied by a joint effusion. However, only 20% of cysts are palpable on examination with the average size being 1-2 cm [2]. Patients will present with local pain, but may also present with peroneal nerve palsy, or foot drop, if the cyst is located inferior and laterally. Point-of-care ultrasound confirms the diagnosis with an accuracy of 94%, a sensitivity of 97%, and a specificity of 86% [3]. The ultrasound appearance of the cyst may be multiloculated and contiguous with the knee joint along the meniscus or within the meniscus. The fluid removed from the cyst is often thick and gelatinous and therefore requires a large gauge needle and ultrasound guidance for successful aspiration [4]. A steroid injection is often performed following fluid aspiration. If there is recurrence, the cyst can be surgically removed. CT or MRI can also confirm diagnosis [5]. Point-of-care ultrasound is a useful tool to distinguish meniscal cysts from other cystic and solid masses at the knee joint [6]. The differential diagnosis of meniscal cysts includes osteophytes associated with degenerative joint disease, traumatic bursitis, lipoma, ganglion cyst, or, rarely, synovial sarcoma.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mp-row-video mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12  mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12 mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-accordion-obj mpce-prvt-707-5985662dc5e2b motopress-accordion motopress-accordion-dark\" data-atts=\"{&quot;active&quot;:0,&quot;collapsible&quot;:true,&quot;header&quot;:&quot;&gt; div &gt; h3&quot;,&quot;heightStyle&quot;:&quot;content&quot;}\">\n<div class=\"motopress-accordion-item\"><h3>References<\/h3><div>\n<p>1) Anderson JJ, Connor GF, Helms CA. New observations on meniscal cysts. Skeletal Radiol. 2010 Dec;39(12):1187-91. doi: 10.1007\/s00256-010-0993-2. Epub 2010 Jul 31. PMID: 20680623.<\/p>\n<p>2)Crowell MS, Westrick RB, Fogarty BT. Cysts of the lateral meniscus. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2013 Jun;8(3):340-8. PMID: 23772349; PMCID: PMC3679639.<\/p>\n<p>3) Chang A. Imaging-guided treatment of meniscal cysts. HSS J. 2009 Feb;5(1):58-60. doi: 10.1007\/s11420-008-9098-z. Epub 2008 Nov 7. PMID: 18989726; PMCID: PMC2642552.<\/p>\n<p>4) Chen H. Diagnosis and treatment of a lateral meniscal cyst with musculoskeletal ultrasound. Case Rep Orthop. 2015;2015:432187. doi: 10.1155\/2015\/432187. Epub 2015 Feb 5. PMID: 25722908; PMCID: PMC4334430.<\/p>\n<p>5) Lantz B, Singer KM. Meniscal cysts. Clin Sports Med. 1990 Jul;9(3):707-25. PMID: 2199079.<\/p>\n<p>6) Rutten MJ, Collins JM, van Kampen A, Jager GJ. Meniscal cysts: detection with high-resolution sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998 Aug;171(2):491-6. doi: 10.2214\/ajr.171.2.9694482. PMID: 9694482.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mp-row-fluid motopress-row mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-clmn mp-span12  mpce-dsbl-margin-left mpce-dsbl-margin-right\">\n<div class=\"motopress-text-obj\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>This post was written by Skyler Sloane, Ben Supat MD MPH, and Colleen Campbell MD<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"&nbsp; A 58-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of focal lateral knee pain and swelling. She had a remote history of anterior cruciate ligament repair, as well as medial collateral ligament injury and meniscal injuries. The patient stated that she had a history of recurrent intermittent effusions. However, that day she noted focal swelling. &hellip; <p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/index.php\/2024\/05\/29\/parotid-mass-3\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"Case 34: Rare Cause of Knee Pain\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[137,136,138],"class_list":["post-2264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","hentry","category-clinical-cases","tag-knee-effusion","tag-knee-pain","tag-meniscal-cyst","post_format-post-format-link"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Case 34: Rare Cause of Knee Pain - UCSD Ultrasound<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/emultrasound.ucsd.edu\/index.php\/2024\/05\/29\/parotid-mass-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Case 34: Rare Cause of Knee Pain - UCSD Ultrasound\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; A 58-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of focal lateral knee pain and swelling. She had a remote history of anterior cruciate ligament repair, as well as medial collateral ligament injury and meniscal injuries. The patient stated that she had a history of recurrent intermittent effusions. 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